PARTS: precision HUMIDITY and temperature SENSOR (SHT1X/7X)

Sensirion’s SHTxx is a digitally interfaced humidity and temperature sensor. accurate humidity measurements normally require careful analog design, but the SHTxx moves all that complicated stuff into a single chip. Through-hole (SHT7x) and surface mount (SHT1x) versions are available, we used the surface mount SHT11 with +/-3% accuracy. We’ll show you how to use the SHTxx below.

Sensirion SHT1x/SHT7x precision humidity and temperature sensor (Octopart search, starting at $25).

This isn’t a low-cost sensor. Octopart lists a few places to get it. several smaller hobby electronics stores carry it; hobby engineering has it for $29 (#H01509-01C). We found compatible PCB footprints in sht10_11_15.lbr and sht11.lbr on the Cadsoft library download page. Pin connections for the different package types are in the datasheet: SHT1x (PDF), SHT7x (PDF).

The SHTxx has a two-wire serial interface that requires pull-up resistors (R1,2), values between 2K and 10K must work. Sensirion recommends a decoupling capacitor (C1) only if the sensor is powered over a length of wire, but we think it’s always a good idea to include one.

We’ll demonstrate the SHTxx using the Bus Pirate universal serial interface in raw2wire mode with Hi-Z outputs. The SHTxx is powered from the Bus Pirate’s 3.3volt supply. The Bus Pirate’s on-board pull-up resistors hold the bus high, eliminating the need for external resistors R1 and R2.

Interfaz

The SHTxx communicates over two wires using a basic serial protocol. The protocol isn’t compatible with I2C, but a single SHTxx can exist on a bus with I2C peripherals.

Mando
Código

Measure Temperature
00000011

Measure relative Humidity
00000101

Read status Register
00000111

Write status Register
00000110

Reinicio suave
00011110

Five commands control the SHTxx, these are detailed in the table. The first 3 bits are the address (always 000), the remaining 5 bits are a special command code.

Reiniciar

Start a transaction by clearing any partial commands or data from a previous use. A minimum of nine clock ticks while data is high will clear the SHTxx interface. The Bus Pirate syntax to for this is -^:9; data high (-), 9 clock ticks (^:9).

Commands to the SHT11 begin with a special start condition. like an I2C start condition, this is the only time when the data signal changes with the clock signal high. This illegal condition causes the chip to prepare for a new command. The SHTxx start condition is different than I2C, allowing both types of devices to exist on the same bus.

The Bus Pirate code to generate an SHTxx style start condition is -/_\/-\ ; data starts high (-), clock up (/), data goes low (_), clock low (\), clock high (/), data goes high (-), and a final clock low transition (\) ends the secuencia.

A soft reset is a good idea because it puts the chip in a default state. prior to the first temperature or humidity conversion, we send the soft reset command.

RAW2WIRE>-^:9 -/_\/-\ 0b00011110 !<–command 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 <–clear interface 4xx RAW2WIRE 0x09 CLOCK TICKS 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 <–start condition 4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 1 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0 4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 0 4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 1 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 0 420 RAW2WIRE WRITE: 0x1E <–soft reset code 4xx RAW2WIRE read BIT: 0 <–acknowledge bit, OK RAW2WIRE>

First, we clear the interface (-^:9), then send the start condition (-/_\/-\). The reset command (0b00011110=0x1E) follows. The SHTxx acknowledges (acks) commands by pulling the data line low for one bit after a command is transmitted. We read one bit (!) to get the acknowledgment status; 0 is success, 1 signals an error.

Temperatura

Now we can read the temperature. This happens in two steps, with a delay for the temperature conversion.

RAW2WIRE>-^:9 -/_\/-\ 0b00000011 !
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1  <–clear interface 4xx RAW2WIRE 0x09 CLOCK TICKS 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 <–start condition ... 4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 0 420 RAW2WIRE WRITE: 0x03 <–start temperature conversion 4xx RAW2WIRE read BIT: 0 <–ack bit, OK RAW2WIRE>

First, we send a start condition and the temperature conversion command (00000011=0x03). The SHTxx replies to a successful command by pulling the data line low for one bit (ack). After the ack bit, the data line goes high until the conversion finishes.

RAW2WIRE>.
4xx RAW2WIRE data INPUT, STATE: 0 <–data low when done RAW2WIRE>

When the data line goes low, the temperature conversion is finished. ‘.’ is the Bus Pirate command to read the data state without a clock tick. now we can get hold of the result.

RAW2WIRE>r_^ r_^ r_^
430 RAW2WIRE READ: 0x17 <–data byte 1 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0 <–data low 4xx RAW2WIRE 0x01 CLOCK TICKS <–send ack bit 430 RAW2WIRE READ: 0xCC <–data byte 2 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0 4xx RAW2WIRE 0x01 CLOCK TICKS 430 RAW2WIRE READ: 0x0C <–crc 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0 4xx RAW2WIRE 0x01 CLOCK TICKS RAW2WIRE>

Each byte read (r) rEquiere un bit de reconocimiento de estilo I2C con los datos bajos. Hacemos esto con la secuencia _ ^; Datos bajos (_), una marca de reloj (^).

Los dos primeros bytes son la lectura de temperatura (0x17cc), seguida de un CRC (0x0c). El valor en bruto (0x17cc = 6092) se convierte en grados Celsius utilizando la ecuación y los coeficientes en la página 9 de la hoja de datos. Las lecturas de temperatura son 14bits de forma predeterminada:

T = -39.7 + 0.01 * x

21.22c = -39.7 + (0.01 * 6092)

Humedad

Las conversiones de humedad se inician con el código 00000101 (0x05 hexágono).

RAW2WIRE> – ^: 9 – / _ \ / – \ 0b00000101! <-Command Salida de datos de 4xx Raw2wire, 1 <-Interfaz de -Clear 4xx RAW2WIRE 0x09 TICKS RELOJ Salida de datos de 4xx Raw2Wire, 1 ^ {casQacer Condición ... 4xx Raw2Wire Reloj, 0 420 RAW2Wire escribe: 0x05 <-Start Conversión de humedad 4xx Raw2Wire LEER BIT: 0 <-Ack Bit, OK Como antes, un noveno bit de reconocimiento es bajo si el SHTXX procesó el comando. RAW2WIRE>.
Entrada de datos de 4xx RAW2Wire, estado: 0 <-data baja cuando se hace La línea de datos se eleva y luego se devuelve cuando se realiza la conversión de humedad. RAW2WIRE> R_ ^ R_ ^ R_ ^
430 RAW2Wire Read: 0x05 <-data byte 1 Salida de datos de 4xx Raw2wire, 0 <-data baja 4xx Raw2Wire 0x01 Reloj Ticks <-Ack Bit 430 RAW2Wire Read: 0x80 <-data byte 2 Salida de datos de 4xx Raw2Wire, 0 4xx Raw2Wire 0x01 Ticks de reloj 430 RAW2Wire LEER: 0x46 <-CRC Salida de datos de 4xx Raw2Wire, 0 4xx Raw2Wire 0x01 Ticks de reloj RAW2WIRE>

Una conversión completa genera una respuesta de tres bytes. Los dos primeros bytes son la lectura de humedad en bruto (0x0580 = 1408), el byte final es un CRC (0x46) que se puede usar para verificar la integridad de los datos.

Las lecturas de humedad tienen 12bits de resolución de forma predeterminada, convertir a humedad utilizando esta ecuación:

Rh = -2.0468 + 0.0367 (x) + (-0.0000015955 * (x ^ 2))

46.46% rh = -2.0468 + 0.0367 (1408) + (-0.0000015955 * (1408 ^ 2))

Conclusión

Esto no es un sensor de bajo costo, pero no requiere un diseño analógico cuidadoso como la serie Honeywell HiH. ¿Has trabajado con un sensor de humedad?

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